There is a Lightning (female) to USB-C (male) adapter (e.g. from ANKER), but as far as I know, they only work with headphones for listening, but not in the other direction (microphone). Even if it did work, the RØDE microphone would not be suitable for this, as it only holds on to the plug. With an adapter, it would be a very shaky affair.
I would rather use this microphone
RØDE VideoMicro (Mono, Black)
and connect it via a jack plug, or with an adapter like this:
Baseus 2in1 USB Type-C TO 3.5 MM AUX + USB Type-C Adapter (USB-C, 3.5mm, USB Type C).
However, I don't know whether this adapter is only intended for listening or whether you can also connect a microphone.